Posts in category: AI-artificial-intelligence

Artificial intelligence in medicine must never guess.

When a doctor asks a question about a new diabetes guideline or a rare endocrine disorder, the answer must be accurate, transparent, and backed by data.

This is where Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) becomes the foundation of reliability in MIKAI, our evolving medical AI system.

MIKAI’s mission is to learn continuously from trusted sources — guidelines, journals, and local knowledge — while always showing where the information comes from.

RAG is the method that allows this to happen.

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🧠 What Is RAG?

RAG stands for Retrieval-Augmented Generation, a hybrid approach that combines two powerful components:

1. Retrieval — Searching a curated knowledge base for the most relevant documents.

2. Generation — Using a language model (like Mistral, LLaMA, or Magistral) to synthesize a natural-language answer from those retrieved facts.

Instead of relying purely on what’s inside the model’s parameters, RAG adds a real-time “memory” layer — a document store — where verified information is indexed and retrieved when needed.

This is crucial in medical use: guidelines update yearly, research evolves monthly, and each case may depend on local context.

With RAG, MIKAI can stay current without retraining the entire model.

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🩺 Why RAG Matters for Medical Reliability

Traditional large language models (LLMs) like GPT or Mistral learn by pattern recognition — they generate fluent text but can “hallucinate” if the information isn’t in their training data.

In medicine, that’s unacceptable.

If an AI suggests an incorrect insulin dose or confuses a diagnostic criterion, it could cause harm.

In MIKAI, every response — from “best management of diabetic ketoacidosis” to “latest thyroid cancer guidelines” — is backed by retrieved excerpts from the medical literature stored locally and encrypted for security.

⚙️ The MIKAI RAG Pipeline: Step-by-Step

Here’s a simplified version of how RAG works inside MIKAI.

    +----------------+
    |  User Query    |
    +--------+-------+
             |
             v
  +----------+-----------+
  |  Retrieval Component |
  | (Vector DB / RAG DB) |
  +----------+-----------+
             |
             v
  +----------+-----------+
  |  LLM Generator (Mistral,|
  |  Magistral, or Llama)   |
  +----------+-----------+
             |
             v
     +-------+-------+
     | Final Answer  |
     | + Sources     |
     +---------------+

Let’s break down each part as implemented in MIKAI.

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1. Document Ingestion

The ingestion pipeline is where MIKAI learns from trusted data.

Medical sources — PDF guidelines, research articles, textbooks, or hospital documents — are scanned, chunked, vectorized, and indexed.

Example:

When you upload the “2025 ADA Standards of Care in Diabetes”, MIKAI automatically:

• Extracts text using PyMuPDF or LangChain PDF loader

• Splits long paragraphs into manageable chunks (e.g., 512–1024 tokens)

• Embeds each chunk into a high-dimensional vector using SentenceTransformers or InstructorXL

• Stores the vectors in a Qdrant or FAISS database, linked with metadata (title, author, source date)

Each chunk becomes a searchable “knowledge atom” — small, precise, and encrypted

MIKAI’s local setup on Linux (with /opt/mikai/ SSD storage) keeps all ingested documents physically separated from the LLM runtime — ensuring data integrity and portability.

2. 

Retrieval

When a user asks, for example,

“What is the recommended HbA1c target for elderly diabetic patients according to ADA 2025?”

MIKAI doesn’t guess.

The retriever converts this query into a vector embedding and compares it to all stored chunks in the database using cosine similarity.

The top-ranked results (usually 3–5 chunks) are passed to the LLM as context.

This is the “grounding” process — the LLM only generates text based on verified, retrieved facts.

3. 

Generation

Once the context is retrieved, it’s injected into the prompt template.

Answer:

According to the ADA 2025 Standards, HbA1c targets for elderly patients should be individualized.

• Healthy older adults: <7.5%

• Frail or limited life expectancy: <8%

Sources: ADA 2025 Standards of Care, Section 13.

That’s RAG in action — retrieval ensures reliability, and generation ensures readability.

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🔒 Encryption and Security

Medical AI must safeguard data as strongly as it serves it.

MIKAI employs multi-layer encryption across its RAG pipeline:

1. Database Encryption

• All vector stores and metadata in MariaDB/Qdrant are encrypted using AES-256.

• Access keys are stored in a local .env file not exposed via the web tunnel.

2. Transport Encryption

• When MIKAI communicates through a Cloudflare tunnel or API, all traffic is TLS 1.3 secured.

• No raw data or vector payloads are ever sent to public endpoints.

3. Local Sandboxing

• MIKAI runs its ingestion and inference services in Docker containers under –privileged=false mode.

• User-uploaded files never leave the /opt/mikai/ingest directory.

4. Optional Hash Verification

• Each ingested document is SHA-256 hashed.

• On retrieval, MIKAI verifies the hash to confirm that no tampering occurred.

This ensures data authenticity, a core principle for medical compliance and trustworthiness.

🧩 The Memory and Feedback Layer

In addition to the RAG database, MIKAI integrates a memory manager that records interactions and feedback.

Conversations are stored in two layers:

• Session memory – temporary chat history within the active conversation.
• Global memory – only high-rated or “approved” responses are promoted here.

This dual memory system lets MIKAI gradually learn from verified human feedback while maintaining strict separation between transient chat and permanent knowledge.

If a doctor flags an answer as correct (feedback = 5), that response is re-indexed into the RAG database — expanding MIKAI’s contextual reliability.

🧩 Example: Endocrine Case Consultation

Let’s imagine a real clinical scenario inside MIKAI’s chat:

Doctor:

A 68-year-old male with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment.

What is the ADA 2025 recommendation for HbA1c target?

Step 1:

Query embedding → Retrieval from ADA 2025 document store.

Step 2:

Top 3 text chunks retrieved from “Older Adults” section.

Step 3:

Prompt + context fed into Magistral-24B model.

Step 4:

Generated response (grounded in sources) displayed in the chat UI.

Step 5:

Doctor clicks 👍 “reliable” → stored into global_memory.

Later, another user’s query on the same topic retrieves both the ADA citation and MIKAI’s own verified explanation — forming a dynamic, ever-improving knowledge graph.

💽 Continuous Ingestion and Update

Medical science evolves daily, and MIKAI’s ingestion pipeline is built for continuous learning.

Every week or month, new PDFs or journal summaries can be placed into /opt/mikai/new_docs/.

RAG Reliability Metrics

To quantify reliability, MIKAI tracks several internal metrics:

• Context precision: How many retrieved chunks are relevant
• Answer faithfulness: Whether the LLM introduces unverified claims
• Source transparency: Whether all statements cite retrievable sources
• User feedback scores: Average confidence rating from doctors

For example, MIKAI’s current test on ADA-based queries yields:

These results show how retrieval + encryption + human feedback together make RAG trustworthy in clinical environments.

🌐 Deployment: From Local to Cloud-Linked

MIKAI primarily runs locally on Linux, with GPU acceleration via Tesla P40 and an RX 580 display card.

However, through Cloudflare Tunnels, it can safely expose a mini chat interface to the web for remote testing.

The system’s modular architecture keeps critical components separate

This separation supports high performance, strong privacy, and quick debugging when new models or sources are added.

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🧭 The Philosophy: Reliable AI Through Grounded Knowledge

RAG isn’t just a technique — it’s a philosophy.

For medical AI like MIKAI, reliability doesn’t come from bigger models alone.

It comes from:

1. Grounded data – each answer built upon verified context.

2. Transparency – every citation traceable.

3. Security – encryption and local control.

4. Adaptability – continuous ingestion and feedback learning.

In this sense, MIKAI is more than a chatbot — it’s a digital medical librarian fused with a reasoning engine.

It remembers, retrieves, reasons, and respects confidentiality — the same way a good physician treats knowledge and patient trust.

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